Minimisation du nombre de tâches d'un système temps réel par regroupement

Embedded systems dedicated to aeronautics or automotive interact permanently with their environment. They get information from their sensors, process the data and react with their actuators. Such systems have to execute the functionalities correctly, but also to process them within the allocated time. This feature classifies those systems in the category of real-time systems. In the cited domains, those functionalities are originally defined accordingly to the dynamics of the system and their number can reach several thousand. The real-time operating systems, software which handles the processing of those functionalities on the hardware, generally limit the number of functionalities, due to the overhead caused by their management. In this work, we are interested in techniques that reduce the number of those functionalities so to overstep those restrictions. We propose clustering algorithms that ensure that timing constraints are respected. These methods are applied to monoprocessor and multiprocessor architecture with communicating processes.Les systèmes embarqués des domaines de l'aéronautique ou de l'automobile sont en interaction permanente avec leur environnement. Ils récupèrent de l'information depuis leurs capteurs, traitent les données et réagissent par le biais de leurs actionneurs. Ces systèmes critiques se doivent non seulement de produire des résultats corrects du point de vue logique mais aussi de les réaliser dans le temps imparti. Cette particularité les classe dans la famille des systèmes temps réel. Dans les domaines cités, les fonctionnalités sont à l'origine définies au regard de la dynamique du système et leur nombre peut atteindre plusieurs milliers. Les systèmes d'exploitation temps réel, logiciels responsables du traitement de ces fonctionnalités sur le matériel, limitent généralement le nombre de traitements implantables, en raison des surcoûts engendrés par leur gestion. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons donc à des techniques de réduction du nombre de ces traitements, de manière à passer outre les limitations des systèmes d'exploitation temps réel. Nous proposons des algorithmes de regroupement qui assurent que les contraintes de temps soient respectées. Ces méthodes visent des architectures monoprocesseurs et multiprocesseurs pour des traitements communicants

Minimizing a real-time task set through Task Clustering

International audienceIn the industry, real-time systems are specified as a set of hundreds of functionalities with timing constraints. Implementing those functionalities as threads in a one-to-one relation is not realistic due to the overhead caused by the large number of threads. In this paper, we present task clustering, which aims at minimizing the number of threads while preserving the schedulability. We prove that our clustering problem is NP-Hard and describe a heuristic to tackle it. Our approach has been applied to fixed-task or fixed-job priority based scheduling policies as Deadline Monotonic (DM) or Earliest Deadline First (EDF)

Automated runnable to task mapping

We propose in this paper, a method to automatically map runnables (blocks of code with dedicated functionality) with real-time constraints to tasks (or threads). We aim at reducing the number of tasks runnables are mapped to, while preserving the schedulability of the initial system. We consider independent tasks running on a single processor. Our approach has been applied with fixed-task or fixed-job priorities assigned in a Deadline Monotonic (DM) or a Earliest Deadline First (EDF) manner

Analysis and Simulation Tools for Probabilistic Real-Time Systems

International audienceIn this paper we present two tools meant to simulate and analyze probabilistic real-time task sets. That is, tasks sets which have their timing parameters represented by discrete probabilistic distributions. We describe the main features of each tool and provide configuration details necessary to use them. The two tools are compared, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each one, so that interested users can make an informed choice regarding which tool best fits their needs. Both tools are open source and freely available. One of the main objectives of this paper is to make these tools available to the real-time systems research community, which is also invited to participate in their improvements, by giving feedback and even extending the implementations

Latency analysis for data chains of real-time periodic tasks

International audienceA data chain is a sequence of periodic real-time communicating tasks that are processing the data from sensors up to actuators. It determines an order in which the tasks propagate data but not in which they are executed: inter-task communication and scheduling are independent. In this paper, we focus on the latency computation, considered as the time elapsed from getting the data from an input and processing it to an output of a data chain. We propose a method for the worst-case latency calculation of periodic tasks’ data chains executed by a partitioned fixed-priority preemptive scheduler upon a multiprocessor platform. As far as we know, there is no such formal approach based on closed-form expression for communicating real-time tasks

Latency upper bound for data chains of real-time periodic tasks

International audienceThe inter-task communication in embedded real-time systems can be achieved using various patterns and be subject to different timing constraints. One of the most basic communication patterns encountered in today's automotive and aerospace software is the data chain. Each task of the chain reads data from the previous task and delivers the results of its computation to the next task. The data passing does not affect the execution of the tasks that are activated periodically at their own rates. As there is no task synchronization, a task does not wait for its predecessor data; it may execute with old data and get new data at its later release. From the design stage of embedded real-time systems, evaluating if data chains meet their timing requirements, such as the latency constraint, is of the highest importance. The trade-off between accuracy and complexity of the timing analysis is a critical element in the optimization process. In this paper, we consider data chains of real-time periodic tasks executed by a fixed-priority preemptive scheduler upon a single processor. We present a method for the worst-case latency calculation of periodic tasks' data chains. As the method has an exponential time complexity, we derive a polynomial-time upper bound. Evaluations carried out on an automotive benchmark demonstrate that the average bound overestimation is less than 10 percent of the actual value

Minimizing the number of tasks of a real-time system by clustering

Les systèmes embarqués des domaines de l'aéronautique ou de l'automobile sont en interaction permanente avec leur environnement. Ils récupèrent de l'information depuis leurs capteurs, traitent les données et réagissent par le biais de leurs actionneurs. Ces systèmes critiques se doivent non seulement de produire des résultats corrects du point de vue logique mais aussi de les réaliser dans le temps imparti. Cette particularité les classe dans la famille des systèmes temps réel. Dans les domaines cités, les fonctionnalités sont à l'origine définies au regard de la dynamique du système et leur nombre peut atteindre plusieurs milliers. Les systèmes d'exploitation temps réel, logiciels responsables du traitement de ces fonctionnalités sur le matériel, limitent généralement le nombre de traitements implantables, en raison des surcoûts engendrés par leur gestion. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons donc à des techniques de réduction du nombre de ces traitements, de manière à passer outre les limitations des systèmes d'exploitation temps réel. Nous proposons des algorithmes de regroupement qui assurent que les contraintes de temps soient respectées. Ces méthodes visent des architectures monoprocesseurs et multiprocesseurs pour des traitements communicants.Embedded systems dedicated to aeronautics or automotive interact permanently with their environment. They get information from their sensors, process the data and react with their actuators. Such systems have to execute the functionalities correctly, but also to process them within the allocated time. This feature classifies those systems in the category of real-time systems. In the cited domains, those functionalities are originally defined accordingly to the dynamics of the system and their number can reach several thousand. The real-time operating systems, software which handles the processing of those functionalities on the hardware, generally limit the number of functionalities, due to the overhead caused by their management. In this work, we are interested in techniques that reduce the number of those functionalities so to overstep those restrictions. We propose clustering algorithms that ensure that timing constraints are respected. These methods are applied to monoprocessor and multiprocessor architecture with communicating processes

Minimisation du nombre de tâches d'un système temps réel par regroupement

Embedded systems dedicated to aeronautics or automotive interact permanently with their environment. They get information from their sensors, process the data and react with their actuators. Such systems have to execute the functionalities correctly, but also to process them within the allocated time. This feature classifies those systems in the category of real-time systems. In the cited domains, those functionalities are originally defined accordingly to the dynamics of the system and their number can reach several thousand. The real-time operating systems, software which handles the processing of those functionalities on the hardware, generally limit the number of functionalities, due to the overhead caused by their management. In this work, we are interested in techniques that reduce the number of those functionalities so to overstep those restrictions. We propose clustering algorithms that ensure that timing constraints are respected. These methods are applied to monoprocessor and multiprocessor architecture with communicating processes.Les systèmes embarqués des domaines de l'aéronautique ou de l'automobile sont en interaction permanente avec leur environnement. Ils récupèrent de l'information depuis leurs capteurs, traitent les données et réagissent par le biais de leurs actionneurs. Ces systèmes critiques se doivent non seulement de produire des résultats corrects du point de vue logique mais aussi de les réaliser dans le temps imparti. Cette particularité les classe dans la famille des systèmes temps réel. Dans les domaines cités, les fonctionnalités sont à l'origine définies au regard de la dynamique du système et leur nombre peut atteindre plusieurs milliers. Les systèmes d'exploitation temps réel, logiciels responsables du traitement de ces fonctionnalités sur le matériel, limitent généralement le nombre de traitements implantables, en raison des surcoûts engendrés par leur gestion. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons donc à des techniques de réduction du nombre de ces traitements, de manière à passer outre les limitations des systèmes d'exploitation temps réel. Nous proposons des algorithmes de regroupement qui assurent que les contraintes de temps soient respectées. Ces méthodes visent des architectures monoprocesseurs et multiprocesseurs pour des traitements communicants

Sinergias entre Luxemburgo, ACNUR y Skype

Una reciente asociación estratégica entre ACNUR, el Gobierno de Luxemburgo y el proveedor de software para comunicaciones Skype permite al personal de ACNUR en zonas de condiciones de vida difíciles mantenerse en contacto con sus familiares y amigos. Los socios evalúan de qué forma podría adaptarse la tecnología para otras organizaciones humanitarias

Minimizing the cardinality of a real-time task set by automated task clustering

The objective of this paper is first to properly define the notion of task clustering. This is the process of automatically mapping functionalities (blocks of code corresponding to a high-level feature) with real-time constraints to tasks (or threads). We aim at reducing the number of tasks functionalities are mapped to, while preserving the schedulability of the initial system. Second, our goal is to expose the complexity of the problem and to sketch methods we will propose for solving this problem. We consider independent tasks running on a single processor. 1